1. pengukuran
2. tes
Definisi Pengukuran
Tyler (dalam Azwar, 2007:4) mengatakan bahwa pengukuran adalah ".....assignment of numerals according to rules"
Steven (Coley, 2010:4) said that measurement is the assignment of numbers to properties or attributes of people, objects or events using a set of rules.
Berdasarkan definisi Steven di atas, Aguinis, Henle dan Ostroff (Coley, 2010:4) menarik ciri-ciri pengukuran, yaitu:
1. It focuses on attributes of people, objects or events not on actual people, objects, or events
2. It uses a set of rules to quantify these. They must be standardezed, clear, understandable, and easy to apply
3. It consists of scaling and classification. Scaling deals with assignment of number so as to quantify them, i.e.to determine how much of an attribute is present. Classification refers to defining whether people, objects or events fall into the same or different categories.
Aguinis dkk menambahkan definisi Steven
1. Its purpose should be determined, for example, in prediction, classification or decision-making.
2. The attribute should be identified and defined. A definition needs to be agreed before it is measured or different rules may be applied, resulting in varying numbers being assigned. The purpose of measurement should guide this definition.
3. A set of rules, based on the definition, should be determined to quantify the attribute.
4. Lastly, the rules are applied to translate the attribute into numerical terms.
Steven (Coley, 2010:4) said that measurement is the assignment of numbers to properties or attributes of people, objects or events using a set of rules.
Berdasarkan definisi Steven di atas, Aguinis, Henle dan Ostroff (Coley, 2010:4) menarik ciri-ciri pengukuran, yaitu:
1. It focuses on attributes of people, objects or events not on actual people, objects, or events
2. It uses a set of rules to quantify these. They must be standardezed, clear, understandable, and easy to apply
3. It consists of scaling and classification. Scaling deals with assignment of number so as to quantify them, i.e.to determine how much of an attribute is present. Classification refers to defining whether people, objects or events fall into the same or different categories.
Aguinis dkk menambahkan definisi Steven
1. Its purpose should be determined, for example, in prediction, classification or decision-making.
2. The attribute should be identified and defined. A definition needs to be agreed before it is measured or different rules may be applied, resulting in varying numbers being assigned. The purpose of measurement should guide this definition.
3. A set of rules, based on the definition, should be determined to quantify the attribute.
4. Lastly, the rules are applied to translate the attribute into numerical terms.
Definisi Tes
Anastasi (dalam Azwar, 2007:3) mengatakan bahwa tes merupakan suatu pengukuran yang objektif dan standar terhadap sampel perilaku
Brown (dalam Azwar, 2007:3) mengatakan bahwa tes adalah prosedur yang sisematik guna mengukur sampel perilaku seseorang.
Cronbach (dalam Azwar, 2007:3) said that "......a systematic procedure for observing a person's behavior and describing it with the aid of a numerical scale or a category system"
Pustaka
Azwar, Saifuddin. 2007. Tes Prestasi. Fungsi Pengembangan Pengukuran Prestasi Belajar. Edisi II. Penerbit Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta
Coley, Keith. 2010. An Introduction to Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics. Sage Publications Ltd, London
Coley, Keith. 2010. An Introduction to Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics. Sage Publications Ltd, London
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